synchronous machine diagnostics and engineering solutions for synchronous machine problems, including: alternating current (a.c.) generators – construction, types and cooling encompassing: construction of stator and rotor windings rotor construction (cylindrical and salient pole) advantages of rotating field construction excitation methods cooling methods prime movers a.c. generators – operating principles and characteristics encompassing: a.c. generator equivalent circuits (synchronous reactance and resistance components) tests – open circuit, short circuit and stator impedance voltage regulation, island generator’s terminal voltage load power factor determination of excitation voltage and load angle synchronising a.c. generators encompassing: conditions for synchronising (infinite bus) methods for synchronising (lamp methods and synchroscope) alternator load sharing, parallel operation a.c. generators power, torque and efficiency encompassing: power input, input torque and speed power losses output power, load power factor, rotor angle and pu power efficiency performance chart interpretation automatic voltage regulation (AVR) encompassing: need for AVRs features of AVRs effects of rotor inductance connections of AVRs operation of AVRs a.c. generator operational stability encompassing: power output, variance (VAR) effects, rotor angle and excitation control of VAR (on-load tap-changers (OLTC) transformers) voltage dependant nature of stability critical clearance angle of a.c. generator stability limits a.c. generator protection encompassing: restricted, unrestricted primary, back up and duplicated protection overcurrent, short circuit, differential, reverse power, load unbalance, rotor overload, loss-of-field, rotor earth fault, station earth-fault and under-frequency protection external fault protection induction generator encompassing: types operating principles and characteristics excitation methods losses and efficiency synchronising and paralleling three phase synchronous motors encompassing: construction – rotor, stator and windings excitation methods operating principles (equivalent circuits and synchronous impedance) hunting and stability limits power factor correction paralleling and synchronisation techniques starting methods braking methods problem-solving techniques relevant machine parameters, specifications and performance requirements relevant manufacturer specifications and operating instructions/manuals relevant job safety assessments or risk mitigation processes relevant WHS/OHS legislated requirements relevant workplace documentation relevant workplace quality, instructions, policies and procedures. |